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- Cropping:
- Cutting off unwanted portions of the image around the subject of the photo or enlarging only a specific portion of an image. To “ZOOM-IN” so to speak, so that the unwanted surrounding portion of the image is not in the finished photograph.
- GPS:
- Global Positioning System. An electronic satellite based navigation system that provides your location virtually any where in the world. Developed by the Military primarily for use in aircraft , GPS receivers are finding there place in the world of fishermen, hikers, surveyors,...... the list goes on.
- Grain:
- In prints, grain refers to an overall gritty-like fuzziness that becomes visible as an image is enlarged beyond a certain size. This varies with the speed and format of the film and the size of the enlargement or the extent of any cropping. In films, grain refers to the individual crystals of the light sensitive chemicals in the emulsion of the film. Fine grain films are generally considered “slower” requiring more time and/or more light for proper exposure, but give a much sharper image than larger grain “faster” films.
- Machine Print:
- Photographs made by a machine as opposed to “custom” photographs made manually by a trained technical person. Machine prints are considered to be “economy” quality, acceptable for snap shots, construction progress, and proofing. Custom lab services such as cropping and dust spotting are not available for machine prints. Machine prints are not suitable where professional quality is expected, i.e. portraits, covers of annual reports, magazine advertisements, and litigation.
- Mounting:
- Laminating, bonding, or gluing a photograph to a rigid flat material to prevent the photograph from getting creased or bent and to make viewing easier. Typical mounting processes are Dry Mount, which uses a heated press, and Self Adhesive, which can be applied by hand or run through a roller press. Typical mounting materials are Art Board, Foam Board, Sintra, Masonite, and Plexiglas.
- MSL:
- Mean Sea Level. Altitude (express in feet in the US ) as indicated by an altimeter which is activated by barometric pressure and referenced to sea level as zero altitude. All aircraft operations below 18000 feet normally fly using MSL altitudes.
- Oblique:
- Any view that is not straight down or not horizontal (level). Generally, any view that is more that 10 degrees off vertical or horizontal. Typically a view looking down at 35 to 55 degrees below the horizon.
- Proof:
- A test print made from a negative to show image focus and detail. Colors and Contrast may or may not be exact. Proofs are used as an intermediate step in the selection of images for final printing. They are a very useful tool to show instructions for cropping, color correction, enlargement size,...etc. before final prints are made. In years past, proofs were not “fixed” chemically and would gradually fade out within several weeks. Today, most proofs are simply small machine prints.
- Vertical:
- A view that is straight down. Actually, since all cameras have some angle of view (cone of view), there is only one point in a vertical photograph that is truly straight down. All other points in the photograph are ever so slightly at an oblique angle of view.
Useful Conversions:
- Nautical Mile = .8696 statute mile
- Statute Mile = 1.15 nautical mile
- One Acre = 43560 square feet
- One Square Mile = 640 acres = 27,883,680 square feet.
- One Meter = 3.25 feet
- One Millimeter = 0.0394 inches
- One Inch = 25.4 millimeters
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Last page update 10-26-07
